| 1607–1700 | North America, UK [food and drink] | Fruits introduced to the North American colonies from England include apples, which adapt well in New England, and peaches, which grow easily in Virginia and other warmer regions. Native vegetables like pumpkins, squash, and beans are favoured over European vegetables. |
| 1640–1700 | North America [literature and language] | Literacy rates in the colonies, particularly in New England, are high relative to those in the Old World. Shipton, New England has a 95% literacy rate; males in Virginia have a literacy rate between 54% and 60%. |
| 1689–1724 | UK [horse-racing] | The Byerley Turk, the Darley Arabian, and the Godolphin Arab, the horses from which all modern thoroughbreds are descended in the male line, are imported to England from the Middle East and north Africa. |
| c. 1700 | Africa [art] | The art of the Benin culture in Nigeria reaches its high point. From at least the mid-16th century fine sculptures in ivory and bronze have been produced, creating one of richest extant traditions of African art. |
| 1700 | UK [theatre and dance] | The comedy The Way of the World by the English dramatist William Congreve is first performed, in London, England. |
| c. 1700 | North America [thought and scholarship] | North American merchant Thomas Brattles writes A Full and Candid Account of the Delusion Called Witchcraft, an attack on the Salem witch trials. It is not published until 1798. |
| 1700 | Germany, Holy Roman Empire [weights and measures] | The new Gregorian calendar is introduced in Germany and other Protestant European states, replacing the older, less accurate, Julian calendar. |
| February 1700 | Sweden, Brandenburg, Holy Roman Empire, Germany, Hanover, Denmark-Norway, Saxony, Poland, Russia [Great Northern War (1700–21)] | Forces under Frederick I Augustus of Saxony-Poland invade Swedish Livonia (part of present-day Latvia and Estonia) and attack Riga as part of the three-pronged attack on Sweden agreed with Tsar Peter I the Great of Russia and King Frederick IV of Denmark in 1699. The attack marks the beginning of the Great Northern War between King Charles XII of Sweden and a coalition of, at various times, Hanover, Brandenburg, Denmark, Poland, and Russia. The war runs concurrently with the War of the Spanish Succession but does not merge with it. |
| 1 May 1700 | England [births and deaths] | John Dryden, outstanding English poet, playwright, and critic, poet laureate, whose major works include ‘Annus Mirabilis’ (1667) and Marriage à la mode (1672), dies (68). |
| 8 August 1700 | Russia, Ottoman Empire [treaties] | The Treaty of Constantinople between Russia and the Ottoman Empire converts the two-year armistice agreed at Carlowitz in January 1699 to a 30-year truce between the two powers. The Ottoman Empire cedes the fortress of Azov, captured by Tsar Peter I the Great in July 1696, and grants Russia the right to keep a permanent ambassador in Constantinople. Russian tributes to the Tatars are also waived. |
| 18 August 1700 | Sweden, Denmark-Norway, United Netherlands, UK [Great Northern War (1700–21)] | Denmark's invasion of the Duchy of Holstein-Gottorp, fulfilling its 1699 treaty obligations to Saxony-Poland and Russia, prompts a Swedish invasion of Denmark and a march on the capital, Copenhagen. After intervention by the United Netherlands and Great Britain, King Charles XII of Sweden and King Frederick IV of Denmark sign the Peace of Traventhal which removes Denmark from the Great Northern War for a period of nine years, and allows the Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, brother-in-law of King Charles XII of Sweden, to build fortifications and to maintain a standing army. |
| 1 November 1700 | Spain [War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714)] | After a long period of failing health, King Charles II of Spain dies. His death brings to a head the developing crisis over the Spanish succession. |
| 30 November 1700 | Papal States, Italy [Catholicism] | The Italian churchman Giovanni Francesco Albani is elected Pope Clement XI, following the death of Pope Innocent XII. |
