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1701| 1689–1724 | UK [horse-racing] | The Byerley Turk, the Darley Arabian, and the Godolphin Arab, the horses from which all modern thoroughbreds are descended in the male line, are imported to England from the Middle East and north Africa. | | 1701 | England [agriculture] | English agriculturalist Jethro Tull invents a mechanical seed drill capable of sowing three rows at a time, and reducing seed wastage. | | 1701 | France [art] | The French artist Hyacinthe Rigaud paints Portrait of Louis XIV. | | 2 February 1701 | Spain, France, Spanish Netherlands [War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714)] | The French prince Philippe d'Anjou, grandson of Louis XIV and the nominated heir of the late king Charles II of Spain, enters the Spanish capital, Madrid, as King Philip V of Spain, while French troops also occupy the southern part of the Spanish Netherlands (modern Belgium); this may be said to mark the effective outbreak of the War of the Spanish Succession, although hostilities in the first year are largely confined to Italy. | | 17 June 1701 | Sweden, Russia, Courland, Poland [political events] | Having invaded Livonia (part of present-day Latvia and Estonia), King Charles XII of Sweden relieves the port of Riga from Russian occupation and subsequently invades Courland (or Kurland, in present-day Latvia) and Poland. The Great Northern War is to be largely centred in Poland until 1705–06. | | 27 August 1701 | UK, United Netherlands, Austria, Habsburg Monarchy, Holy Roman Empire [War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714)] | The Treaty of The Hague is signed between Britain, the United Netherlands, and Austria, creating the ‘Grand Alliance’ of the three chief partners in the anti-French coalition in the War of the Spanish Succession. | | 16 September 1701 | UK, France [political events] | Following the death of King James II of England and VII of Scotland at Saint-Germain in France, where he has lived in exile since being deposed from the British throne in 1688, King Louis XIV of France recognizes James II's heir as James III. James III is also known, by those who do not recognize his royal claims, as James Edward Stuart or the ‘Old Pretender’. | | 16 September 1701 | England, France [births and deaths] | James II, king of Great Britain 1685–88, son of Charles I, deposed in the ‘Glorious Revolution’ (1688), dies in Saint-Germain, France (67). |
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