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1704| 1689–1724 | UK [horse-racing] | The Byerley Turk, the Darley Arabian, and the Godolphin Arab, the horses from which all modern thoroughbreds are descended in the male line, are imported to England from the Middle East and north Africa. | | 1704 | Ireland, England [literature and language] | The Irish writer Jonathan Swift publishes A Tale of a Tub and The Battle of the Books, both satires on contemporary intellectual disputes. | | 1704 | Holy Roman Empire [architecture] | The Dreifaltigkeitskirche (Church of the Holy Trinity), in Salzburg in the Holy Roman Empire, designed by the Austrian architect Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach, is completed. | | 1704 | England [physics] | English physicist Isaac Newton publishes Optics, the result of decades of research, delayed until after the death of English physicist Robert Hooke to avoid a priority argument. In the book, Newton strongly defends the corpuscular theory of light as a particle rather than a wave. | | 1704 | England [botany] | The English naturalist John Ray completes publication of his three-volume Historia generalis plantarum/General Study of Plants, a classification of over 18,000 different plant species. | | 1 January 1704 | Poland, Saxony, Holy Roman Empire, Germany, Sweden [Great Northern War (1700–21)] | King Augustus II of Poland, known to history as Augustus the Strong, who is also the hereditary elector of Saxony as Frederick Augustus I and the occupant of the Polish throne supported by the anti-Swedish coalition, is deposed because of Swedish military success in Poland. | | 13 August 1704 | UK, Austria, Habsburg Monarchy, Holy Roman Empire, France, Bavaria, Germany [War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714)] | The allied army commanded by the English general John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, and the Austrian general Prince Eugène of Savoy defeats the Franco-Bavarian army of the French marshal Camille, comte de Tallart, at Blenheim (Blindheim), Bavaria, on the River Danube. The first major French military defeat for 50 years, the allied victory ends the danger of a Franco-Bavarian advance on Vienna, the Austrian capital, and removes Bavaria, France's last German ally, from the War of the Spanish Succession. | | 28 October 1704 | England [births and deaths] | John Locke, highly influential English political and educational philosopher, whose major work is Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1689), dies in Oates, Essex, England (72). |
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