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1721| 1689–1724 | UK [horse-racing] | The Byerley Turk, the Darley Arabian, and the Godolphin Arab, the horses from which all modern thoroughbreds are descended in the male line, are imported to England from the Middle East and north Africa. | | 1716–1745 | Japan [political events] | Yoshimune, of the Tokugawa house of Kii, succeeds Ienobu as shogun (military ruler) of Japan. | | 1721 | France [everyday life] | There are 300 cafés in Paris, France. By 1789, there will be 2,000. | | 1721 | France [literature and language] | The French writer Charles-Louis de Secondat, baron de la Brède et de Montesquieu, publishes his satirical novel Lettres Persanes/Persian Letters, anonymously. | | 1721 | North America [medicine] | The first smallpox inoculations are performed in America by Dr Zabdiel Boylston in Boston, Massachusetts. Smallpox epidemics are a constant threat to colonial cities, and while some fear and mistrust the inoculation, most who have it administered survive. | | 1721 | Germany [music] | The German composer Johann Sebastian Bach completes The Brandenburg Concertos. | | 27 March 1721 | Spain, France [treaties] | The Treaty of Madrid, a treaty of mutual defence and guarantee, is signed between France and Spain. France promises to assist in the restoration of Gibraltar, captured from Spain by the British in 1704 and confirmed as a British possession by the Treaty of Utrecht, and in the regulation in Spain's favour of questions concerning claims to the Italian duchies of Parma, Naples, and Sicily. | | 8 May 1721 - 7 March 1724 | Italy [Catholicism] | Following the death of Pope Clement XI, and after a long and contentious conclave, Michelangelo dei Conti, son of the Duke of Poli, near Palestrina, Italy, is unanimously elected pope as Innocent XIII. | | 10 September 1721 | Sweden, Russia [treaties] | The Treaty of Rystad is signed by Sweden and Russia; the latter acquires Livonia, Estonia, Ingria, and East Karelia, but restores Finland. Essentially, Russia acquires the best part of Sweden's Baltic provinces. This treaty confirms Russia's supremacy in northern Europe. |
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