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1742| 1716–1745 | Japan [political events] | Yoshimune, of the Tokugawa house of Kii, succeeds Ienobu as shogun (military ruler) of Japan. | | 1730–1807 | UK [newspapers] | The Daily Advertiser is launched in London, England. With its dependence on advertisements, this may be regarded as the first modern newspaper. | | 1742 | Sweden [chemistry] | Swedish scientist Anders Celsius proposes an international fixed temperature scale to the Swedish Academy of Sciences, with 100° set as the freezing point of water, and 0° set as the boiling point; this is later reversed. | | 1742 | UK [industrialization] | The first cotton factories are opened in England, in Birmingham and Wolverhampton. | | 1742 | England [literature and language] | The English writer Henry Fielding publishes his novel Joseph Andrews. | | 1742 | Ireland [music] | The oratorio Messiah by the German-born English composer George Frideric Handel is first performed, in Dublin, Ireland. | | 1742 | Germany [music] | The German composer Johann Sebastian Bach completes his Goldberg Variations and his cantata No. 212, Mer Hahn en neue Oberkeet/The ‘Peasant Cantata’. | | 14 January 1742 | England [births and deaths] | Edmond Halley, English astronomer and mathematician, dies in Greenwich, London, England (85). | | 24 January 1742 | Bavaria, Germany, Holy Roman Empire [political events] | With French support, Charles Albert, Elector of Bavaria, is elected Holy Roman Emperor, as Charles VII. He receives eight votes (all that were cast). | | 28 July 1742 | Austria, Prussia, Silesia, Holy Roman Empire, Moravia, Bohemia, Poland, Habsburg Monarchy, Germany [War of the Austrian Succession (1740–46)] | The Peace of Berlin between Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria and King Frederick II (the Great) of Prussia ends the First Silesian War. The treaty confirms the provisions of the preliminary Peace of Breslau: Austria cedes to Prussia the duchy of Glatz, previously part of the Bohemian patrimony, the Moravian (formerly Jägerndorf) enclave of Katscher and, most notably, the greater part of the duchy of Silesia (with the exception of the principality of Teschen, the lordship of Hennersdorf, part of Jägerndorf, and the town of Troppau). Prussia takes over the Silesian debt to Great Britain and the United Netherlands and, in the War of the Austrian Succession, Prussia and Poland withdraw from the coalition against Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria. |
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