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1745| 1716–1745 | Japan [political events] | Yoshimune, of the Tokugawa house of Kii, succeeds Ienobu as shogun (military ruler) of Japan. | | 1730–1807 | UK [newspapers] | The Daily Advertiser is launched in London, England. With its dependence on advertisements, this may be regarded as the first modern newspaper. | | 1743–1760 | North America [town planning] | Paving city streets in the North American colonies becomes common, making the colonial streets drier and smoother than those in Britain. | | c. 1745 | North America [food and drink] | The coffee house becomes popular in North America as an alternative gathering place to the boisterous and lawless taverns. Tea, coffee, and chocolate are served along with magazines and newspapers. Business meetings are held here, and notices of ship sailings, sales, and other business displayed. | | 1745 | Germany [physics] | German scientist and dean of the cathedral of Camin, Ewald Georg von Kleist, invents the Leyden jar, a simple capacitor that accumulates and preserves electricity. The following year Dutch scientist Pieter von Musschenbroek makes the same discovery independently. | | 20 January 1745 | Holy Roman Empire, Bavaria, Germany, Austria, Habsburg Monarchy [War of the Austrian Succession (1740–46)] | Following the death of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles VII (Charles Albert, elector of Bavaria), his son Maximilian Joseph of Bavaria subsequently agrees to support the candidature of Grand Duke Francis Stephen, consort of Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria, as emperor. | | 18 March 1745 | Britain [political events] | Robert Walpole, first prime minister of Britain 1721–42, a Whig, dies in London, England (68). | | 30 April 1745 | France, UK, Hanover, Germany, Holy Roman Empire, United Netherlands, Austrian Netherlands [War of the Austrian Succession (1740–46)] | French forces under Marshal Maurice de Saxe defeat an allied army (from Britain, Hanover, and the United Netherlands) under the English general William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, at Fontenoy (in modern Belgium) and conquer the Austrian Netherlands. | | 14 July - 23 July 1745 | UK [political events] | The British prince Charles Edward Stuart (‘Bonnie Prince Charlie’), the ‘Young Pretender’, son of Charles Francis Edward Stuart, the ‘Old Pretender’, sails from St Nazaire, France, with some Scottish partisans in his campaign (‘the Forty-Five’) to regain the Scottish and English thrones, and lands on Eriskay Island in the Hebrides, Scotland. | | 19 October 1745 | Ireland [births and deaths] | Jonathan Swift, Irish author and satirist, author of Gulliver's Travels, dies in Dublin, Ireland (77). | | 4 December - 6 December 1745 | UK [wars] | The Jacobite army of Charles Edward Stuart (‘Bonnie Prince Charlie’), the ‘Young Pretender’, advances as far south as Derby, England, in his attempt to regain the Scottish and English thrones, but with three Hanoverian British armies in the field against him he is forced to retreat. | | 25 December 1745 | Austria, Habsburg Monarchy, Holy Roman Empire, Saxony, Germany, Prussia [treaties] | By the Peace of Dresden with Austria and Saxony, Prussia retains the conquered Austrian province of Silesia and in return recognizes the Pragmatic Sanction (the legitimacy of Maria Theresa's accession to the Habsburg domains) and Francis I as Holy Roman Emperor. |
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