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1756| 1730–1807 | UK [newspapers] | The Daily Advertiser is launched in London, England. With its dependence on advertisements, this may be regarded as the first modern newspaper. | | 1743–1760 | North America [town planning] | Paving city streets in the North American colonies becomes common, making the colonial streets drier and smoother than those in Britain. | | 1750–1777 | Portugal [law and government] | Sebastião José de Carvalho e Mello, the Marquis of Pombal, virtual ruler of Portugal during the reign of José I, carries out a series of extensive reforms aimed at breaking the power of the nobility and revitalizing Portugal's finances, industry, agriculture, and education system. | | 1756 | UK [buildings] | English engineer John Smeaton begins to rebuild the Eddystone Lighthouse, near Plymouth, England. | | 16 January 1756 | UK, Prussia, Hanover, Germany, Holy Roman Empire [treaties] | The Treaty of Westminster is signed by Britain and Prussia, by which King Frederick II the Great of Prussia guarantees the neutrality of Hanover, which is designed to frustrate French attempts to seize King George II of Britain's German provinces. This precipitates the Franco-Austrian rapprochement. | | 27 January 1756 | Austria [births and deaths] | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, considered one of the world's greatest composers, born in Salzburg, Austria (–1791). | | 1 May 1756 | France, Austria [treaties] | The Treaty of Versailles between France and Austria constitutes the Diplomatic Revolution, achieved by the Austrian chancellor Prince Kaunitz-Rietberg. The Habsburg Monarchy is to be neutral in an Anglo-French war but either party is to aid the other if attacked by Prussia. In addition, France is to recognize the Austrian Netherlands and to aid Austria if the latter is attacked by the Ottoman Empire. | | 17 May 1756 | Habsburg Monarchy, Holy Roman Empire, UK, France [Seven Years War (1754–62)] | Following the Diplomatic Revolution of 1 May, which created two opposing power blocs in Europe (Austria, France, Russia, Sweden, and Saxony opposed to Prussia, Great Britain, and Portugal), Britain formally declares war on France (the challenge is accepted on 9 June). | | 20 June 1756 | India, Mogul Empire, UK [political events] | In the incident known as the ‘Black Hole of Calcutta’, following the capture of the city of Kolkata (formerly Calcutta), India, from the British by Siraj ud-Daula, nawab (ruler) of Bengal, surviving British defenders are imprisoned in a small dungeon in the city. It is subsequently claimed that only 23 out of 146 prisoners survive, though the circumstances of the incident remain controversial. | | 29 August 1756 | Prussia, Saxony, Holy Roman Empire, Germany, United Netherlands, Sweden [Seven Years War (1754–62)] | King Frederick II the Great of Prussia invades the German electorate of Saxony, marking the outbreak of the Seven Years' War. Frederick uses the pretext of having learned of the Franco-Austrian alliance and subsequently takes Dresden, the capital of Saxony. The United Netherlands and Sweden decide to remain neutral. |
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