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1763| 1730–1807 | UK [newspapers] | The Daily Advertiser is launched in London, England. With its dependence on advertisements, this may be regarded as the first modern newspaper. | | 1750–1777 | Portugal [law and government] | Sebastião José de Carvalho e Mello, the Marquis of Pombal, virtual ruler of Portugal during the reign of José I, carries out a series of extensive reforms aimed at breaking the power of the nobility and revitalizing Portugal's finances, industry, agriculture, and education system. | | 1760–1770 | North America [statistics and demography] | The estimated population of the North American colonies is 1,593,625 including 325,806 black slaves. | | 1763 | France [surgery] | French surgeon Claudius Aymand performs the first successful appendectomy, in Paris, France. | | 1763 | England [maths] | Thomas Bayes, the English mathematician and theologian, publishes ‘An Essay Towards Solving a Problem in the Doctrine of Chances’. This includes Bayes' theorem, which is important in statistics. | | 1763 | England [medicine] | English clergyman Edmund Stone describes the effective treatment of fever using willow bark, from which the active ingredient of aspirin is later derived. | | 1763 | America [churches and temples] | The synagogue at Newport, Rhode Island, designed by the American architect Peter Harrison, is completed. This is the first synagogue in America; its design, particularly the interior, is one of the best examples of American architecture of the period. | | 10 February 1763 | UK, France, Spain, Cuba, India, America, Philippines [treaties] | The Treaty of Paris between Britain, France, and Spain ends the Seven Years' War. By its terms, Britain secures Canada, Nova Scotia, Cape Breton, St Vincent, Tobago, Dominica, Grenada, Senegal, and Minorca from France. France regains Martinique, Guadeloupe, St Lucia, Gorée, and the French settlements in India, and is guaranteed fishing rights off Newfoundland. Spain acquires Louisiana from France, and cedes Florida to Britain in exchange for the restoration of Cuba and the Philippines. | | 15 February 1763 | Prussia, Austria-HM [treaties] | The Treaty of Hubertusburg between Prussia and Austria restores the status quo before the Seven Years' War, returning Glatz and Silesia to Prussia. Prussia agrees to support the candidature of the Archduke Joseph of Austria as ‘king of the Romans’ (effective heir to his father's title of Holy Roman Emperor). | | 7 May 1763 - 24 July 1766 | America [wars] | The Ottawa chief Pontiac leads a loose confederation of Indian tribes in an assault against British forts and settlements all along the western frontier of the American colonies. Before the Treaty of Oswego ends the rebellion three years later, 2,000 Americans die, impressing royal authorities with the need for regular troops in the colonies. | | 23 June 1763 | France [births and deaths] | Joséphine de Beauharnais, Empress of France 1804–10 and consort of Napoleon I, born in Trois-Ilets, Martinique (–1814). |
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