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1765| 1730–1807 | UK [newspapers] | The Daily Advertiser is launched in London, England. With its dependence on advertisements, this may be regarded as the first modern newspaper. | | 1750–1777 | Portugal [law and government] | Sebastião José de Carvalho e Mello, the Marquis of Pombal, virtual ruler of Portugal during the reign of José I, carries out a series of extensive reforms aimed at breaking the power of the nobility and revitalizing Portugal's finances, industry, agriculture, and education system. | | 1760–1770 | North America [statistics and demography] | The estimated population of the North American colonies is 1,593,625 including 325,806 black slaves. | | 7 May 1763 - 24 July 1766 | America [wars] | The Ottawa chief Pontiac leads a loose confederation of Indian tribes in an assault against British forts and settlements all along the western frontier of the American colonies. Before the Treaty of Oswego ends the rebellion three years later, 2,000 Americans die, impressing royal authorities with the need for regular troops in the colonies. | | c. 1765 | Japan [art] | The Japanese artist Suzuki Harunobu publishes his woodblock print Interior With a Girl and Her Maid. Harunobu develops multicoloured printing, which brings a greater sophistication to Japanese woodblock art. | | 1765 | England [fiction] | The English writer Horace Walpole publishes the novel The Castle of Otranto. A horror story set in the Middle Ages, it starts the vogue for Gothic romances. | | 1765 | America [food and drink] | John Harmon makes the first chocolate in America, in Dorchester Lower Mills, Massachusetts. | | 1765 | Europe [food and drink] | The potato becomes the most popular European foodstuff. | | 1765 | Germany [gambling and lotteries] | At the Promenade House in Baden-Baden, Germany, M Chevilly opens the world's first legal casino. | | 22 March 1765 | America, UK [legislation] | The British Parliament passes the Stamp Act, levying a direct tax on all colonial legal documents, newspapers, pamphlets, playing cards, dice, and almanacs. Designed to defray the cost of defending the colonies, the tax provokes widespread protest in colonial America. | | 18 August 1765 | Habsburg Monarchy [political events] | The Habsburg heir Joseph II becomes Holy Roman Emperor. His mother, Maria Theresa, ruler of the hereditary Habsburg lands, accepts Joseph as co-regent in the Habsburg Monarchy as a means of maintaining her dominance over him. |
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