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1793

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1793

1730–1807UK [newspapers]The Daily Advertiser is launched in London, England. With its dependence on advertisements, this may be regarded as the first modern newspaper.
1793France [painting]The French artist Jacques-Louis David paints The Death of Marat, depicting the assassinated revolutionary leader Jean-Paul Marat dead in his bath.
1793Spain [painting]The Spanish artist Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes paints Burial of the Sardine.
1793Germany [philosophy]The German philosopher Immanuel Kant publishes Die Religion innerhalb der Grenzen des blossen Vernunft/Religion within the Boundaries of Reason, in which he argues that although belief in God cannot be established by reason, it is acceptably based on ‘practical reason’.
1793England [poetry]The English writer and artist William Blake publishes his Marriage of Heaven and Hell. His major prose work with his own engravings, it is a satire on conventional religion and morality.
1793France [media and communication]French inventor Claude Chappe originates semaphore and builds a long-distance signalling system in France.
1793Germany [education]Johann Friedrich Guts Muth's Gymnastik für die Jugend/Gymnastics for the Young, a pioneering work on physical education, is published.
1793Russia, Crimea-Ottoman [political events]Russia annexes the Khanate of the Crimea – including the Kuban region of the western Caucasus – following the steady growth of Russian influence in the Khanate after the 1774 Treaty of Kuchuk-Kainardzhi had confirmed its independence from the Ottoman Empire.
21 January 1793France [births and deaths]Louis XVI, King of France 1774–92, now known as ‘Citizen Capet’, is guillotined in Paris, France (38).
1 February 1793France, UK, United Netherlands [French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1801)]France declares war on Britain and the Dutch Republic.
13 February 1793France, UK, Austria-HM, Prussia, Spain [French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1801)]The First Coalition against France is formed by Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, the Dutch Republic, Spain, and Sardinia.
7 March 1793France, Spain [French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1801)]France declares war on Spain. Spanish forces invade the French-occupied territories of Roussillon and Navarre on the border between the two countries.
13 March 1793France [French Revolution]French royalists revolt in the Vendée, west France, against the revolutionary government.
18 March 1793France, Austrian Netherlands, Belgium, Austria-HM [French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1801)]French forces under General Charles-François Dumouriez are defeated at Neerwinden in the Netherlands by Austrian forces under Friedrich Josias, Prince of Saxe-Coburg, leading to the Austrian reconquest of the Austrian Netherlands.
6 April 1793France [administration]The Committee of Public Safety is established in France as the executive organ of the revolutionary government, effectively headed by the Jacobin leader Georges Danton.
7 May 1793Poland, Russia, Prussia [political events]The Second Partition of Poland is effected, with half of Poland's remaining territory being divided between Russia and Prussia. Russia takes Lithuania and west Ukraine; Prussia takes Danzig (Gdansk), Thorn (Torun), Posen (Poznan), Gnesen (Gniezno), and Kalisch (Kalisz).
2 June 1793France [French Revolution]The final overthrow of the Girondins by the Jacobins, and the arrest of the Girondin leader, Jacques Brissot, begins the Reign of Terror in France.
10 June 1793France [everyday life]The world's first public zoo opens in Paris, France.
1 August 1793France [weights and measures]The first metric weight system is introduced, in France.
5 October 1793France [religious freedom]The revolutionary government in France abolishes Christianity.
16 October 1793France, Holy Roman Empire [births and deaths]Marie-Antoinette, Queen Consort of King Louis XVI of France, 11th daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Francis I and Maria Theresa, is guillotined on the orders of the Committee of Public Safety in Paris, France (37).
1 November 1793England [births and deaths]Lord George Gordon, English lord who in 1780 instigated the Gordon riots against the Catholic Relief Act, dies in Newgate prison, London, England (41).


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Deprived by an ill-starred fortune of that self-confidence which strengthens the hands of an armed host, impaired in skill but not in courage, it may safely be said that our adversaries managed yet to make a better fight of it in 1797 than they did in 1793.
Alexander M'Kay, had accompanied Sir Alexander Mackenzie in both of his expeditions to the northwest coast of America in 1789 and 1793.
From 1793 to 1799 du Bousquier was commissary of provisions to the French armies.
 
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