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1795| 1730–1807 | UK [newspapers] | The Daily Advertiser is launched in London, England. With its dependence on advertisements, this may be regarded as the first modern newspaper. | | 1795–1796 | Germany [fiction] | The German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe publishes Wilhelm Meister's Lehrjahre/Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship, a novel charting a young man's journey to emotional and intellectual maturity. | | 1795 | England [technology] | English engineer and inventor Joseph Bramah invents a hydraulic press capable of exerting a force of several thousand tonnes. | | 5 April 1795 | France, Prussia, Saxony, Germany [French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1801)] | France and Prussia sign the Peace of Basel, under which France retains its conquests on the left bank of the Rhine pending the conclusion of a peace with the Holy Roman Empire, while Prussia receives territories on the right bank. Saxony, Hanover, the Bavarian Palatinate, and Hesse-Cassel also agree terms with France. | | 16 May 1795 | United Netherlands, Batavian Republic [administration] | The Dutch Republic is reorganized under French control as the Batavian Republic, and signs an offensive and defensive alliance with France. | | 19 May 1795 | Scotland [births and deaths] | James Boswell, Scottish diarist, friend and biographer of the English writer and critic Samuel Johnson, dies in London, England (56). | | 20 May 1795 | France [French Revolution] | On ‘Prairial 1’ of the revolutionary calendar, popular unrest again threatens the National Convention in Paris, France, leading to the ‘White Terror’ purge of extreme revolutionaries and the end of Montagnard influence in the Convention. | | 14 July 1795 | France [music] | In France, ‘La Marseillaise’, originally written as a royalist rallying song, is adopted as the national anthem. | | 22 August 1795 | France [legislation] | A third French constitution is approved by the National Convention, vesting executive power in five directors (the Directory). | | 24 October 1795 | Poland, Prussia, Austria-HM, Russia [political events] | Prussia, Austria, and Russia occupy the remaining Polish territory in the so-called ‘Third Partition’; Prussia takes Warsaw and lands between the Bug and the Niemen rivers, Austria takes Kraków and Galicia, and Russia the area between Galicia and the River Dvina. | | 31 October 1795 | England [births and deaths] | John Keats, English Romantic lyric poet, born in London, England (–1821). |
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