| 1730–1807 | UK [newspapers] | The Daily Advertiser is launched in London, England. With its dependence on advertisements, this may be regarded as the first modern newspaper. |
| 1799 | Spain [painting] | The Spanish artist Francesco de Goya publishes Los caprichos, a set of etchings that bitterly satirize Spanish society and the church. They are seized by the Inquisition. |
| 1799 | Germany [religion] | The German theologian Friedrich Schleiermacher publishes his Über die Religion: Reden an die Bebildeten unter ihren Verächtern/Religion: Speeches to its Cultured Despisers. Seeking to locate a belief in God in intuition and feeling rather than dogma, Schleiermacher's works will be one of the profoundest influences on modern Protestant theology. |
| 1799 | Germany [solo and chamber music] | The German composer Ludwig van Beethoven completes his Piano Sonata No. 8 (Opus 13), the Pathétique. |
| 1799 | France [astronomy] | French mathematician and physicist Pierre-Simon Laplace discovers the invariability of planetary mean motions, and proves that the eccentricities and inclinations of planetary orbits to each other always remain small, constant, and self-correcting. |
| 1799 | Germany [maths] | The German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss proves the fundamental theorem of algebra: that every algebraic equation has as many solutions as the exponent of the highest term. |
| 1799–1825 | [maths] | The French mathematician and physicist Pierre-Simon Laplace publishes the five-volume Traité de mécanique céleste/Celestial Mechanics, which applies calculus to the motions of celestial bodies and Isaac Newton's theories of the Solar System to show how its stability is implicit in the law of gravitation. |
| 9 January 1799 | UK [taxation] | The British prime minister William Pitt the Younger introduces the first income tax in Britain, to finance the war against France, at a rate of 10% on all incomes over £200 per year. |
| 4 May 1799 | India [Anglo–Mysore Wars (1767–99)] | Following the death of Tippu, sultan of Mysore, India, at Seringapatam after its capture by the British, his kingdom is divided between Britain and the nizam of Hyderabad. |
| 20 May 1799 | France [births and deaths] | Honoré de Balzac, French novelist whose writings helped establish the modern form of the novel, born in Tours, France (–1850). |
| 1 June 1799 | UK, Russia, Austria-HM, Ottoman Empire, Portugal, Naples [French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1801)] | The British prime minister, William Pitt the Younger, concludes the formation of the Second Coalition of Britain, Russia, Austria, the Ottoman Empire, Portugal, and Naples against France. |
| 25 September - 27 September 1799 | France, Russia, Swiss Confederation, Austria-HM [French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1801)] | French forces under General André Masséna defeat a Russian army under Alexander Korsakov at Zürich, Switzerland; the main Russian force under Field Marshal Count Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov arrives too late, and is forced to retreat across the Alps. Austrian forces under the Archduke Charles retreat to the River Danube. |
| 9 November 1799 | France [French Revolution] | Napoleon Bonaparte overthrows the ruling Directory (ruling executive) in France in the coup d'état of 18 Brumaire (revolutionary calendar). |
| 14 December 1799 | America, USA [births and deaths] | George Washington, commander in chief during the American Revolution, and first president of the USA 1789–97, dies and is buried in Mount Vernon, Virginia (67). |
