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18 April| 18 April 1123 | Kingdom of Jerusalem, Danishmend Emirate [Crusades (1095–1272)] | King Baldwin II of Jerusalem is captured and his army destroyed in a surprise attack on his camp near Gargar, on the River Euphrates, by Balak of Khanzit, the nephew of the Danishmend emir Ghazi. | | 18 April 1336 | India [political events] | Harihara I, who led a Hindu revolt against Muslim rule, is crowned in his newly built capital, Vijayanagar, and thus founds the Sangama dynasty of the Vijayanagar empire of southern India. | | 18 April 1537 | Spain, Inca Empire, Central America [colonization] | The Spanish expedition of Diego de Almagro, returning from the area of modern Chile, relieves Cuzco from its siege by the Quechua insurgents of the Inca leader Manco Inca, but then seizes the city from Hernando Pizarro, starting the civil wars between the conquistadors. | | 18 April 1835 | UK [administration] | Lord Melbourne becomes prime minister of a Whig administration in Britain. | | 18 April 1934 | USA [consumer products] | The first launderette opens in Fort Worth, Texas. It charges by the hour. | | 18–24 April 1948 | UK [everyday life] | The Scout Movement in the UK has its first ‘bob-a-job’ week. | | 18 April 1949 | Ireland, Eire [political events] | Eire is formally proclaimed the Republic of Ireland and leaves the Commonwealth. | | 18 April 1955 | USA, Germany [births and deaths] | Albert Einstein, German-born US physicist who developed the theory of relativity, dies in Princeton, New Jersey (76). | | 18 April 1962 | Jamaica, UK [legislation] | Following Jamaica's vote (in September 1961) to leave the British West Indies Federation, the British Parliament passes the West Indies Act, dissolving the federation. | | 18 April 1980 | Zimbabwe Rhodesia [decolonization] | Zimbabwe Rhodesia gains its independence from Britain, and is renamed ‘Zimbabwe’. Its first president is the Reverend Canaan Banana. |
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