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1800

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1800

1730–1807UK [newspapers]The Daily Advertiser is launched in London, England. With its dependence on advertisements, this may be regarded as the first modern newspaper.
1799–1825 [maths]The French mathematician and physicist Pierre-Simon Laplace publishes the five-volume Traité de mécanique céleste/Celestial Mechanics, which applies calculus to the motions of celestial bodies and Isaac Newton's theories of the Solar System to show how its stability is implicit in the law of gravitation.
c. 1800Europe [industrialization]Belgian textile manufacturer Lieven Bauwens smuggles a Crompton spinning mule out of England, spreading the Industrial Revolution in the textile industry from Britain to the rest of Europe.
1800England [astronomy]German-born English astronomer William Herschel discovers the existence of infrared solar rays.
1800USA [family planning]The birth rate in the USA is over seven per woman, which is the highest in the world.
1800USA [clothing and fashion]The first shoes in the USA designed specifically for the left and right feet are made by shoemaker William Young, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
1800Germany [orchestral music]The German composer Ludwig van Beethoven completes his Symphony No. 1 in C major (Opus 21).
1800England [painting]The English artist George Stubbs paints Hambletonian, Rubbing Down.
1800Germany [poetry]The German writer Novalis (pseudonym of Friedrich Leopold, Baron von Hardenberg) publishes the prose lyrics ‘Hymnen an die Nacht’/‘Hymns to the Night’.
1800–1850USA [consumer products]A revolution in retail and wholesale trade occurs: specialization transforms the urban retail market, replacing the general store with individual stores for hardware, groceries, dry goods, furnishing, books, tobacco, and so on. Cash-only sales policies are instituted around 1806.
1800world, Europe [statistics and demography]The population of the world is estimated at 870 million, with over 20% of people living in Europe.
1800UK [statistics and demography]The population of England and Wales is an estimated 8.7 million, up from just over 5 million in 1700.
1800USA [statistics and demography]US census data show a 35.1% increase in the population, which has climbed to 5.3 million since 1790.
1800Italy [technology]Italian physicist Alessandro Volta invents the voltaic pile made of discs of silver and zinc – the first electric battery.
c. 1800Europe [women's rights]Schoolgirls in Europe are deprived of food, exercise, and fresh air to achieve the fashionable look of pallor and thinness.
17 January 1800France [treaties]The Treaty of Montluçon ends royalist disaffection in the Vendée, western France, and releases troops for a new French offensive in Europe.
14 March 1800Rome [administration]The Italian cardinal Luigi Chiaramonti, backed by the influential French cardinal Jean Maury, is elected as Pope Pius VII.
14 June 1800France, Austria-HM, Italy [French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1801)]French forces under Napoleon Bonaparte defeat the Austrians under Baron Michel Melas at the Battle of Marengo, northwest Italy, ensuring the French reconquest of Italy.
November 1800USA [elections]In the US presidential election, the Republicans Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr each receive 73 electoral votes. Federalists John Adams and Charles Pinckney secure 65 and 64 votes respectively. As stipulated by the US Constitution, the election goes to the House of Representatives, where Jefferson is elected president.
25 December 1800UK [everyday life]King George III's wife, Queen Charlotte, introduces the Christmas tree to the British court.


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? Mentioned in ? References in classic literature
 
But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.
A History of English Literature by Fletcher, Robert Huntington View in context
In the year 1800, toward the close of October, a foreigner, accompanied by a woman and a little girl, was standing for a long time in front of the palace of the Tuileries, near the ruins of a house recently pulled down, at the point where in our day the wing begins which was intended to unite the chateau of Catherine de Medici with the Louvre of the Valois.
Vendetta by de Balzac, Honore View in context
They were removed again in 1800, and finally, seventeen years afterward, they were taken up and transferred to Pere la Chaise, where they will remain in peace and quiet until it comes time for them to get up and move again.
The Innocents Abroad by Twain, Mark View in context
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