| 1730–1807 | UK [newspapers] | The Daily Advertiser is launched in London, England. With its dependence on advertisements, this may be regarded as the first modern newspaper. |
| 1799–1825 | [maths] | The French mathematician and physicist Pierre-Simon Laplace publishes the five-volume Traité de mécanique céleste/Celestial Mechanics, which applies calculus to the motions of celestial bodies and Isaac Newton's theories of the Solar System to show how its stability is implicit in the law of gravitation. |
| 1800–1850 | USA [consumer products] | A revolution in retail and wholesale trade occurs: specialization transforms the urban retail market, replacing the general store with individual stores for hardware, groceries, dry goods, furnishing, books, tobacco, and so on. Cash-only sales policies are instituted around 1806. |
| 1806 | UK [climate and weather] | British navy commander Francis Beaufort devises the Beaufort wind force scale. |
| 23 January 1806 | England [political events] | William Pitt the Younger, prime minister of Britain 1783–1801 and 1804–06, a Tory, dies in London, England (46). |
| 15 February 1806 | France, Naples [Napoleonic Wars (1803–15)] | French troops enter Naples, Italy. Napoleon I's brother, Joseph Bonaparte, immediately begins administrative reform in the Italian kingdom. |
| 9 April 1806 | England [births and deaths] | Isambard Kingdom Brunel, British marine engineer who builds the first transatlantic steamer the Great Western (1838), and the Great Eastern (1858), the largest ship in the world for 40 years, born in Portsmouth, England (–1859). |
| 6 August 1806 | Europe, Austrian Empire [political events] | The Holy Roman Empire comes to an end; Francis II formally resigns as Holy Roman Emperor and becomes Francis I, Emperor of Austria. |
| 23 August 1806 | France [births and deaths] | Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, French physicist who formulated Coulomb's law which relates the forces of electrical charges to the distance between them, dies in Paris, France (69). |
| 13 September 1806 | England [births and deaths] | Charles James Fox, first foreign secretary of Britain (1782, 1783, and 1806), dies in Chiswick, Devon, England (57). |
| 14 October 1806 | France, Prussia, Saxony [Napoleonic Wars (1803–15)] | The French emperor Napoleon I decisively defeats the Prussians under Prince Hohenlohe at Jena in Saxony; Marshal Louis Davout simultaneously defeats the Saxons under the Duke of Brunswick at Auerstadt, also in Saxony. |
