| 1799–1825 | [maths] | The French mathematician and physicist Pierre-Simon Laplace publishes the five-volume Traité de mécanique céleste/Celestial Mechanics, which applies calculus to the motions of celestial bodies and Isaac Newton's theories of the Solar System to show how its stability is implicit in the law of gravitation. |
| 1800–1850 | USA [consumer products] | A revolution in retail and wholesale trade occurs: specialization transforms the urban retail market, replacing the general store with individual stores for hardware, groceries, dry goods, furnishing, books, tobacco, and so on. Cash-only sales policies are instituted around 1806. |
| 1810 | Germany [physics] | German physicist Thomas Johann Seebeck discovers that silver chloride takes on the colour of the incident light it is exposed to. |
| 1810 | UK [companies and organizations] | Donkin & Hall establish the world's first cannery in London, England, using tin cans to package food for British naval and miltary forces. |
| 1810 | UK [economic conditions] | Ireland is in economic crisis as its population increases to around 6 million, and poverty increasingly results from archaic inheritance laws that encourage the subdivision of ever-smaller family agricultural plots. |
| 1810–1859 | USA [agriculture] | US cotton production, the vast majority of which is grown in the southern states, rises from 171,000 bales in 1810 to just under 5.4 million in 1859. |
| 1 March 1810 | France, Poland [births and deaths] | Frédéric Chopin, French composer known for his works for piano, born in Zelazowa, Poland (–1849). |
| 19 April 1810 | Venezuela, Spain [political events] | Under the influence of the South American nationalist Simón Bolívar, the Junta in Venezuela breaks away from Napoleonic Spain, refusing to recognize Joseph Bonaparte and proclaiming allegiance to Ferdinand VII, the hereditary king of Spain. |
| 22 May 1810 | New Granada, Spain [political events] | A revolt breaks out in the Spanish viceroyalty of New Granada against Spanish authority. |
| 25 May 1810 | South America, Spain [political events] | A revolt breaks out in the Spanish viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata, South America, against Joseph Bonaparte's regime. |
| 26 June 1810 | France [births and deaths] | Joseph-Michel Montgolfier, French aeronaut who, with his brother Jacques-Etienne, developed the hot-air balloon, dies in Balaruc-les-bains, France (69). |
| 5 July 1810 | USA [births and deaths] | P(hineas) T(aylor) Barnum, US showman and promoter who popularizes the three-ring circus, born in Bethel, Connecticut (–1891). |
| 9 July 1810 | France, Netherlands [colonization] | Emperor Napoleon I annexes the Netherlands, making it part of the Empire of the French. |
