| 1799–1825 | [maths] | The French mathematician and physicist Pierre-Simon Laplace publishes the five-volume Traité de mécanique céleste/Celestial Mechanics, which applies calculus to the motions of celestial bodies and Isaac Newton's theories of the Solar System to show how its stability is implicit in the law of gravitation. |
| 1800–1850 | USA [consumer products] | A revolution in retail and wholesale trade occurs: specialization transforms the urban retail market, replacing the general store with individual stores for hardware, groceries, dry goods, furnishing, books, tobacco, and so on. Cash-only sales policies are instituted around 1806. |
| 1810–1859 | USA [agriculture] | US cotton production, the vast majority of which is grown in the southern states, rises from 171,000 bales in 1810 to just under 5.4 million in 1859. |
| 1811 | Germany [biography] | The German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe publishes the first part of his autobiography Dichtung und Wahrheit/Poetry and Truth. |
| 1811 | England [fiction] | The English writer Jane Austen publishes her novel Sense and Sensibility. She began work on it in 1797. |
| 1811 | England [painting] | The English artist John Constable paints Dedham Vale, Morning. |
| 1811 | Germany [solo and chamber music] | The German composer Ludwig van Beethoven completes his Piano Trio in B flat (Opus 97), the Archduke and his overture and incidental music for August von Kotzebue's play König Stephan/King Stephen, written for the opening night of the German Theatre in Budapest in 1812. |
| 1811 | Prussia [sports] | The Prussian educator Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, a founding father of modern gymnastics, establishes the Turnverein gymnastic society in Berlin, the Prussian capital. |
| 1811 | UK [statistics and demography] | The population of Great Britain is 12.5 million, an increase of 2.1 million during the previous decade. The population of London, England, exceeds 1 million. |
| 1811 | UK [statistics and demography] | London, England, is the first city to have a population of more than 1 million. |
| 1811 | USA [weapons] | US inventor John Hall patents a breech-loading rifle. |
| 5 February 1811 | UK [political events] | The worsening mental illness of King George III of Britain necessitates the passage of the Regency Act, under which the Prince of Wales becomes Prince Regent and governs in his place. His powers are limited for 12 months. |
| 9 February 1811 | England [births and deaths] | Nevil Maskelyne, English astronomer who developed a method of determining longitude by observing the Moon, and published The British Mariner's Guide (1763) and the Nautical Almanac (1766), dies in Greenwich, London, England (78). |
| 14 June 1811 | USA [births and deaths] | Harriet Beecher Stowe, US writer, author of Uncle Tom's Cabin, born in Litchfield, Connecticut (–1896). |
| 22 October 1811 | Hungary [births and deaths] | Franz (Ferencz) Liszt, Hungarian pianist and composer, born in Raiding, Hungary (–1886). |
| 16 December 1811 | USA [natural disasters] | The first, and largest, earthquake recorded in the USA destroys the city of New Madrid, Missouri. Two other earthquakes hit the town on 23 January and 7 February 1812. |
