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183 BC| c. 400 BC–AD c. 250 | Central America [everyday life] | The Late Formative (or pre-Classic) period of Mayan culture takes place in Mexico. By 400 BC, large structures have been built at several sites in the tropical lowland jungle. In the highlands, people begin to put up large clay platforms, some the basis for temples and others for elite houses, flanking open plazas. | | c. 200 BC–AD c. 200 | South America [religion] | During this period the Nazca Lines are drawn in the desert along the south coast of Peru. These are enormous stylized outlines of animals, including a monkey, whale, spider, and hummingbird, and sets of parallel lines, some as long as 20 km/12 mi. They are believed to be a development of Chavín de Huantar art; they may have had religious significance, or they may have been connected with astronomy. | | 183 BC | Rome [sculpture] | A lifelike bust is made of the Roman general Scipio Africanus. This is one of the earliest Roman examples of this form of sculpture, and it illustrates the realism of Roman portraiture (probably resulting from the practice of making death masks). | | 183 BC | Bactria, India, Mauryan Empire [colonization] | King Demetrius of Bactria crosses the mountains between Bactria and India and proceeds down the Kabul valley to the town of Taxila, which he captures. He advances to the River Indus, capturing the city of Pattala in Arachosia and refounding it as Demetrias. He sends his general, Menander, east through the Punjab, where he occupies Sagala and the Mauryan capital, Paliputra, on the Upper Ganges River. Demetrius takes his Indian allies into the ruling council to form a joint government. Greek craftsmen are brought in, coins minted, and the sea route from the Indus to Arabia is developed. |
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