| 1800–1850 | USA [consumer products] | A revolution in retail and wholesale trade occurs: specialization transforms the urban retail market, replacing the general store with individual stores for hardware, groceries, dry goods, furnishing, books, tobacco, and so on. Cash-only sales policies are instituted around 1806. |
| 1810–1859 | USA [agriculture] | US cotton production, the vast majority of which is grown in the southern states, rises from 171,000 bales in 1810 to just under 5.4 million in 1859. |
| 1821–1830 | USA, UK, Ireland [statistics and demography] | Emigration to the USA from Britain is 27,489, and from Ireland, 54,338. |
| 1827–1838 | Ireland, Germany, USA [statistics and demography] | A period of Irish and German migration to the USA begins due to a severe winter in 1829, increased legislation against German Jews, economic stress in Ireland, and Irish factionalism. |
| 1827–1838 | USA [zoology] | US ornithologist John James Audubon publishes the first volume of his multi-volume work Birds of America. |
| 1830 | France [technology] | The French inventor Barthélemy Thimonnier patents the first sewing machine. Eighty are constructed to make French army uniforms but are destroyed the following year by a mob of tailors fearing unemployment. |
| 1830 | USA [railways] | US inventor Peter Cooper constructs the Tom Thumb, the first steam locomotive built in the USA. |
| 1830 | world [statistics and demography] | The world population is around 1 billion. |
| 1830 | France [fiction] | The French writer Stendhal publishes his novel Le Rouge et le noir/The Scarlet and the Black. |
| 1830 | England [painting] | The English artist Samuel Palmer paints Coming from Evening Church. |
| 1830 | France [painting] | The French artist Eugène Delacroix paints Liberty Leading the People and Portrait of Baron Schwitters. |
| c. 1830 | England [painting] | The English artist J M W Turner paints Music at Petworth. |
| 1830 | France [philosophy] | The French sociologist Auguste Comte publishes the first part of his Cours de philosophie positive/Course of Positive Philosophy. The final part appears in 1842. |
| 1830 | England [poetry] | The English poet Alfred, Lord Tennyson, publishes Poems Chiefly Lyrical. Among its best-known poems is ‘Mariana’. |
| 3 February 1830 | Greece [political events] | Greece is declared independent of the Ottoman Empire at the London Conference and granted the protection of France, Russia, and Britain. |
| 26 June 1830 | England [political events] | Following the death of King George IV of Britain, he is succeeded by his brother William IV, duke of Clarence. |
| July 1830 - April 1833 | Scotland [earth sciences] | Scottish geologist Charles Lyell publishes the first volume of his three-volume work Principles of Geology in which he argues that geological formations are the result of presently observable processes acting over millions of years. It creates a new time frame for other sciences such as biology and palaeontology. |
| 25 July 1830 | France [law and government] | King Charles X of France issues the three ordinances of St-Cloud for controlling the press, dissolving the Chamber of Deputies, and having antigovernment voters removed from the electoral lists following the victory of the Liberal opposition in the elections. |
| 27 July - 29 July 1830 | France [political events] | Revolutionary action known as the ‘Three Glorious Days’ flares up in Paris and other areas of France following the publication of the ordinances of St-Cloud by King Charles X. |
| 2 August 1830 | France [political events] | Charles X abdicates as king of France following continued opposition to his rule. |
| 11 August 1830 | France [law and government] | The first ministry of King Louis-Phillipe's reign in France is formed, comprising a range of moderate and progressive liberals led by Jacques Lafitte, Casimir Périer, and François Guizot. |
| 11 September 1830 | Ecuador, Colombia [decolonization] | Ecuador is recognized as an independent republic and granted a constitution by Colombia, under which it is to be part of the Confederation of Colombia. |
| 15 September 1830 | UK, USA [railways] | The Liverpool and Manchester Railway opens in England. The first railway to carry both passengers and freight, its success sparks widespread railway building in Britain and the USA. |
| 22 November 1830 | UK [law and government] | Charles, Earl Grey, becomes prime minister of a Whig government in Britain, with Viscount Palmerston as foreign secretary, following the resignation of the Tory Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington. |
| 10 December 1830 | USA [births and deaths] | Emily Dickinson, US poet, born in Amherst, Massachusetts (–1886). |
| 17 December 1830 | Venezuela, Central America [births and deaths] | Simón Bolívar, Venezuelan soldier who liberated Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Venezuela, and Bolivia from Spanish rule, dies in Santa Marta, Colombia (47). |
| 20 December 1830 | UK, France, Austrian Empire, Prussia, Russian Empire, Belgium, Netherlands [political events] | At the London Conference, Britain, France, the Austrian Empire, Prussia, and Russia support Belgium's decision to separate from the Netherlands. |
