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189 BC| c. 400 BC–AD c. 250 | Central America [everyday life] | The Late Formative (or pre-Classic) period of Mayan culture takes place in Mexico. By 400 BC, large structures have been built at several sites in the tropical lowland jungle. In the highlands, people begin to put up large clay platforms, some the basis for temples and others for elite houses, flanking open plazas. | | c. 200 BC–AD c. 200 | South America [religion] | During this period the Nazca Lines are drawn in the desert along the south coast of Peru. These are enormous stylized outlines of animals, including a monkey, whale, spider, and hummingbird, and sets of parallel lines, some as long as 20 km/12 mi. They are believed to be a development of Chavín de Huantar art; they may have had religious significance, or they may have been connected with astronomy. | | 192 BC–189 BC | Rome, Greece, Syria, Seleucid Kingdom [wars] | The Romans are at war in Greece with King Antiochus III the Great of Syria, who is trying to extend his empire westwards. | | 189 BC | Bactria, India, Mauryan Empire [colonization] | The kingdom of Bactria (in modern Afghanistan) under Euthydemus and his son Demetrius is now strong enough to expand and to take over the Persian satrapies (provinces) that lie between it and India. This consolidates Bactria's hold on the trade routes and eventually leads its kings on to India. | | 189 BC | Asia Minor, Rome, Carthage [treaties] | Following the defeat of King Antiochus III the Great of Syria at Magnesia, an armistice is concluded between the king and the Romans. Antiochus agrees to withdraw from Asia Minor beyond the River Taurus, to pay a large indemnity, and to surrender the Carthaginian general Hannibal. Hannibal is forced to flee from the Seleucid court and seeks refuge first in Crete and then with the king of Bithynia in Asia Minor. Antiochus has now lost all of Asia Minor. |
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