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191 BC| c. 400 BC–AD c. 250 | Central America [everyday life] | The Late Formative (or pre-Classic) period of Mayan culture takes place in Mexico. By 400 BC, large structures have been built at several sites in the tropical lowland jungle. In the highlands, people begin to put up large clay platforms, some the basis for temples and others for elite houses, flanking open plazas. | | c. 200 BC–AD c. 200 | South America [religion] | During this period the Nazca Lines are drawn in the desert along the south coast of Peru. These are enormous stylized outlines of animals, including a monkey, whale, spider, and hummingbird, and sets of parallel lines, some as long as 20 km/12 mi. They are believed to be a development of Chavín de Huantar art; they may have had religious significance, or they may have been connected with astronomy. | | 192 BC–189 BC | Rome, Greece, Syria, Seleucid Kingdom [wars] | The Romans are at war in Greece with King Antiochus III the Great of Syria, who is trying to extend his empire westwards. | | 191 BC | Rome [plays] | The Latin comic poet Plautus produces his play Pseudolus. He bases his plays on Greek originals, but adapts them to Roman tastes. Twenty of his plays survive to modern times. | | 191 BC | Rome, Greece, Syria, Seleucid Kingdom [Punic Wars (265–149 BC)] | Scipio Africanus is now a figure of great authority in Rome and has borne the cognomen ‘Africanus’ since just after his success against the Carthaginian general Hannibal in the Battle of Zama in Africa. He persuades the Senate to continue the war in Greece against King Antiochus III the Great of Syria and to complete his defeat by pursuing him into Asia Minor. |
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