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20 April| 20 April 1013 | Spain, Umayyad Caliphate [administration] | Hisham II, Caliph of Córdoba in Spain, disappears following the capture of the city by Suleiman, who resumes his rule. Civil war between Moors and Arabs is now endemic in the Umayyad Caliphate. | | 20 April 1632 | Poland [political events] | Following the death of King Sigismund III Vasa of Poland, he is succeeded by his son Wladyslaw IV. | | 20 April 1808 | France [births and deaths] | Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (Napoleon III), emperor of France 1852–71, born in Paris, France (–1873). | | 20 April 1852 | USA [literature and language] | Harriet Beecher Stowe publishes Uncle Tom's Cabin in book form. The book, previously serialized in the antislavery broadsheet National Era, is instantly controversial and popular, selling 1.2 million copies by mid-1853. | | 20 April 1887 | France [motor-racing and rallying] | The first motor race, organized by the French cycling magazine La Vélocipède, is held in Paris. The winner (and only entrant) is Georges Bouton on a four-seater steam quadricycle. | | 20 April 1889 | Germany [births and deaths] | Adolf Hitler, German fascist leader of the National Socialist (Nazi) Party, dictator of Germany 1933–45, born in Braunau, Germany (–1945). | | 20 April 1970 | USA, North Vietnam, South Vietnam [Vietnam War (1954–75)] | The US president Richard M Nixon announces the withdrawal of a further 150,000 US troops from Vietnam. |
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