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200 BC| c. 400 BC–AD c. 250 | Central America [everyday life] | The Late Formative (or pre-Classic) period of Mayan culture takes place in Mexico. By 400 BC, large structures have been built at several sites in the tropical lowland jungle. In the highlands, people begin to put up large clay platforms, some the basis for temples and others for elite houses, flanking open plazas. | | 200 BC | Rome, Greece [Macedonian–Roman Wars (216–172 BC)] | Following appeals from the Aetolian League and many other Greek city-states, especially Rhodes and Pergamum, the Romans declare war on King Philip V of Macedon – the Second Macedonian War begins. Rome is concerned about the changes in the balance of power among the Hellenistic kingdoms to the east that are currently occurring. Athens immediately joins Rome. | | c. 200 BC | Rome [materials] | The Romans invent concrete. It is used mainly for public works projects, the largest being the port of Caesarea built by Herod the Great in the early 1st century AD. | | c. 200 BC–AD c. 200 | South America [religion] | During this period the Nazca Lines are drawn in the desert along the south coast of Peru. These are enormous stylized outlines of animals, including a monkey, whale, spider, and hummingbird, and sets of parallel lines, some as long as 20 km/12 mi. They are believed to be a development of Chavín de Huantar art; they may have had religious significance, or they may have been connected with astronomy. | | c. 200 BC | Europe, Asia [tools] | Eurasian horseriders invent the horseshoe. It reaches Rome by 100 BC. | | c. 200 BC | Greece [astronomy] | The Greeks invent the astrolabe. It is used for observing the positions and altitudes of stars. | | c. 200 BC | Israel [Christianity] | The Old Testament Book of Ecclesiastes is written. | | c. 200 BC | China, Former Han Empire [energy] | Coal is first used in China as fuel. |
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