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212 BC| c. 400 BC–AD c. 250 | Central America [everyday life] | The Late Formative (or pre-Classic) period of Mayan culture takes place in Mexico. By 400 BC, large structures have been built at several sites in the tropical lowland jungle. In the highlands, people begin to put up large clay platforms, some the basis for temples and others for elite houses, flanking open plazas. | | 216 BC–205 BC | Greece, Rome, Illyria [Macedonian–Roman Wars (216–172 BC)] | King Philip V of Macedon, resenting Rome's interference in Illyria, seizes his opportunity and invades Illyria, starting the First Macedonian War. The war continues in a somewhat desultory fashion for 11 years. | | 214 BC–206 BC | China, Qin Empire [fortifications] | Chinese emperor Shi Huang-ti employs general Meng Dian to connect a number of existing defensive walls in northern China to form a single fortified system with watchtowers to keep out the Xiongnu (Huns). Known as the Great Wall of China, it is 2,400 km/1,500 mi long, 9 m/30 ft high, 8 m/25 ft wide at its base, and 5 m/17 ft wide at its top. It is the largest building project ever undertaken. | | 212 BC | Carthage, Rome, Numidia, Spain [Punic Wars (265–149 BC)] | The Numidian chiefs Syphax and Masinissa on Carthage's eastern border declare war on Carthage with Roman encouragement. The Carthaginian general Hasdrubal dashes across to Africa from Spain and stamps out this rebellion. He then returns to Spain, where he manages to turn the tide against the Romans; the Roman generals Publius Scipio and his brother, Gnaeus, are killed in battle. |
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