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218 BC| c. 400 BC–AD c. 250 | Central America [everyday life] | The Late Formative (or pre-Classic) period of Mayan culture takes place in Mexico. By 400 BC, large structures have been built at several sites in the tropical lowland jungle. In the highlands, people begin to put up large clay platforms, some the basis for temples and others for elite houses, flanking open plazas. | | 218 BC | Carthage, Rome, Spain [Punic Wars (265–149 BC)] | In the spring the Carthaginian general Hannibal sets out from New Carthage (Cartagena) in Spain to invade Italy, reputedly with nearly 100,000 men and 50 elephants. The Romans send an army to Spain under Gnaeus Scipio, which arrives too late to stop Hannibal, but it remains in Spain to prevent reinforcements from reaching them. Hannibal crosses the Alps and, after meeting great hardships and dangers, reaches the Po valley in Italy in the late autumn. |
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