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219 BC| c. 400 BC–AD c. 250 | Central America [everyday life] | The Late Formative (or pre-Classic) period of Mayan culture takes place in Mexico. By 400 BC, large structures have been built at several sites in the tropical lowland jungle. In the highlands, people begin to put up large clay platforms, some the basis for temples and others for elite houses, flanking open plazas. | | 219 BC | Carthage, Rome, Spain [Punic Wars (265–149 BC)] | The Carthaginian general Hannibal attacks the Spanish city of Saguntum, which is allied with Rome. The Romans send the dictator and consul Quintus Fabius to Carthage to negotiate peace or war; he makes a symbolic gesture with the folds of his toga, asking ‘Shall it be peace or war?’ The Carthaginians leave the decision to him and he chooses war. Hannibal presses the siege of Saguntum, and the Second Punic War begins. |
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