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22 November| 22 November 845 | Carolingian Empire, Brittany, France [wars] | The Bretons, led by Duke Nomenoë, defeat an army sent by the West Frankish king, Charles II the Bald, to enforce their subjection, at Ballon, Brittany. | | 22 November 1641 | UK [law and government] | The Grand Remonstance is carried in the English House of Commons by 11 votes but is rejected by King Charles I. It demands that the appointment of ministers be subject to parliamentary approval, that the temporal power of bishops be reduced, and that church matters be referred to a synod of Protestant divines. Its perceived extremism rallies many moderates to support Charles and causes the divide between Royalists and parliamentarians to harden. | | 22 November 1819 | England [births and deaths] | George Eliot (pseudonym of Mary Anne Evans), English novelist, born in Chilvers Coton, Warwickshire, England (–1880). | | 22 November 1830 | UK [law and government] | Charles, Earl Grey, becomes prime minister of a Whig government in Britain, with Viscount Palmerston as foreign secretary, following the resignation of the Tory Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington. | | 22 November 1890 | France [births and deaths] | Charles de Gaulle, French general and president of France 1958–69, born in Lille, France (–1970). | | 22 November 1900 | England [births and deaths] | Arthur Seymour Sullivan, British composer of operettas with William Schwenk Gilbert, dies in London, England (58). | | 22 November 1906 | Russian Empire [law and government] | The Russian prime minister, Peter Stolypin, introduces agrarian reforms in Russia, empowering peasants to claim their share of communal land as private property. | | 22 November–4 December 1915 | Anatolia, Iraq, Ottoman Empire, United Kingdom [World War I (1914–18)] | In the Battle of Ctesiphon, Ottoman troops force the British invaders of Mesopotamia back to Kut-al-Imara, Mesopotamia. | | 22 November 1956 | Australia, Egypt, Lebanon, Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, China [Olympic Games] | The 16th Olympic Games, opening in Melbourne, Australia, are affected by political boycotts: Egypt, Lebanon, the Netherlands, Spain, and Switzerland refuse to take part following the French–British–Israeli action in Egypt and the Soviet invasion of Hungary. China also withdraws in protest at the participation of Formosa (Taiwan). | | 22 November 1963 | USA [political events] | John F Kennedy, 35th president of the USA 1961–63, a Democrat, is assassinated in Dallas, Texas, as he is driven to make a speech at the Dallas World Trade Center (46). The shots appear to come from the 6th floor of the Texas Book Depository on Elm Street. Former marine and pro-communist Lee Harvey Oswald is arrested 80 minutes later on charges of killing a patrolman, and is subsequently identified as the assassin, although there is speculation as to whether he acted alone or as part of a conspiracy. | | 22 November 1963 | USA [political events] | Following the assassination of US president John F Kennedy in Dallas, Texas, Vice-President Lyndon B Johnson is immediately sworn in as president. | | 22 November 2003 | Australia [rugby] | England wins the rugby union World Cup for the first time, beating the host nation Australia in the final in Sydney by 20–17 after extra time. |
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