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250 BC| c. 400 BC–AD c. 250 | Central America [everyday life] | The Late Formative (or pre-Classic) period of Mayan culture takes place in Mexico. By 400 BC, large structures have been built at several sites in the tropical lowland jungle. In the highlands, people begin to put up large clay platforms, some the basis for temples and others for elite houses, flanking open plazas. | | c. 250 BC | [maths] | Greek mathematician and inventor Archimedes, in his On the Sphere and the Cylinder, provides the formulae for finding the volume of a sphere and a cylinder; in Measurement of the Circle he arrives at an approximation of the value of p; in The Sand Reckoner he creates a place-value system of notation for Greek mathematics; and in Floating Bodies, the first known work on hydrostatics, he discovers the principle that bears his name – that submerged bodies are acted upon by an upward or buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. | | c. 250 BC | Greece [tools] | Greek mathematician and inventor Archimedes invents the Archimedes screw for removing water from the hold of a large ship. A similar device is already in use in Egypt for irrigation. |
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