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27 December| 27 December 1571 | Germany [births and deaths] | Johannes Kepler, German astronomer, who discovered the elliptical nature of orbits, born in Weil der Stadt, Württemberg (now Germany) (–1630). | | 27 December 1831–2 October 1836 | South America, Pacific [zoology] | The English naturalist Charles Darwin undertakes a five-year voyage, to South America and the Pacific, as naturalist on the Beagle. The voyage convinces him that species have evolved gradually but he waits over 20 years to publish his findings. | | 27 December 1920 | Italy [political events] | Italian troops force the revolutionary nationalist Gabriele D'Annunzio and his troops out of Fiume, Italy. | | 27 December 1949 | Indonesia, Netherlands [political events] | An Indonesian republic, known as the ‘United States of Indonesia’, is established, comprising all the former Netherlands East Indies territories except western New Guinea and having a nominal union with the Netherlands. | | 27 December 1979 | Afghanistan [law and government] | President Hafizullah Amin of Afghanistan is killed in a coup d'état and replaced by the communist leader Babrak Karmal. | | 27 December 2000 | [business and economics] | The merger of pharmaceutical giants Glaxo Wellcome and SmithKline Beecham is completed, creating the world's largest drugs company, GlaxoSmithKline. | | 27 December 2007 | Pakistan [terrorism] | Benazir Bhutto, the leader of the main opposition Pakistan People's Party, is assassinated in a suicide attack at an election rally in Rawalpindi, enraging her supporters and triggering violence in cities across Pakistan. The government blames Islamist militants. |
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