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279 BC| c. 400 BC–AD c. 250 | Central America [everyday life] | The Late Formative (or pre-Classic) period of Mayan culture takes place in Mexico. By 400 BC, large structures have been built at several sites in the tropical lowland jungle. In the highlands, people begin to put up large clay platforms, some the basis for temples and others for elite houses, flanking open plazas. | | 279 BC | Greece, Rome [wars] | In renewed fighting, King Pyrrhus of Epirus wins another ‘Pyrrhic’ victory (in which his losses are almost as great as those of his opponents) against the Romans at Asculum in Italy. Disheartened, he retires to the Greek city of Tarentum in Italy. Later in the year, he marches on Rome but realizes he cannot take the city and suggests peace terms. These are refused, largely at the instigation of the ex-censor, Appius Claudius. | | 279 BC | Greece [wars] | A horde of Gauls – a Celtic people from central Europe – sweeps down from the Danube valley through Macedon into Greece, killing and plundering. They are only just halted by the Aetolian League before they reach Delphi, where they intended to plunder the shrine. They turn back north, where King Antigonus II defeats them in Macedon, winning popular support for his kingship. |
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