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3100 BC| c. 8000 BC–c. 2700 BC | Europe [tools] | The Mesolithic or Middle Stone Age begins in western Europe. It is characterized by the use of microliths (very small stone tools mounted on a shaft), chipped stone tools, and bone, antler, and wooden tools. Important inventions include the barbed fish-hook, harpoon, woven basket, clay cooking pot, and the comb. Some examples of these tools have been found at Star Carr in Yorkshire, England. | | 3100 BC | Egypt [administration] | King Menes advances from his southern capital of Thinis (Abydos) in Egypt and overcomes the Lord of the Delta Land. He creates the so-called 1st dynasty of the combined prehistoric kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt. | | c. 3100 BC | Egypt [farming] | The Egyptian king Menes has a large (15 m/49 ft high) masonry dam built on the Nile south of Memphis (Cairo) to provide water for irrigation and for the city. It is the first large-scale dam. | | c. 3100 BC | Egypt [language studies] | The earliest form of Egyptian hieroglyphics (sacred carvings) appear. They are used until about AD 40. |
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