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320 BC| c. 400 BC–AD c. 250 | Central America [everyday life] | The Late Formative (or pre-Classic) period of Mayan culture takes place in Mexico. By 400 BC, large structures have been built at several sites in the tropical lowland jungle. In the highlands, people begin to put up large clay platforms, some the basis for temples and others for elite houses, flanking open plazas. | | 320 BC | Egypt, Babylon, Syria, Greece, Asia Minor, Seleucid Kingdom [administration] | Alexander the Great's empire begins to disintegrate in the major power struggle to succeed him between his former generals, the Diadochi. This struggle dominates the scene for the next two decades. The main protagonists are Ptolemy (Egypt), Seleucus (Babylon and Syria), Antipater and his son Cassander (Macedon and Greece), Antigonus (Phrygia and other parts of Asia Minor), Lysimachus (Thrace and Pergamum), and Eumenes (the Pontus area). | | c. 320 BC | Greece [botany] | Greek philosopher Theophrastus begins the science of botany with his books De causis plantarum/The Causes of Plants and De historia plantarum/The History of Plants. In them he classifies 500 plants, develops a scientific terminology for describing biological structures, distinguishes between the internal organs and external tissues of plants, and gives the first clear account of plant sexual reproduction, including how to pollinate the date palm by hand. | | c. 320 BC | Greece [conservation] | The Greek scholar Theophrastus writes one of the earliest botanical treatises, called Historia Plantarum. |
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