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333 BC| 480 BC–330 BC | Greece [sculpture] | The Greek classical style of sculpture develops more realism than the preceding Archaic period. Its leading exponents are Phidias (in the 5th century BC), and Praxiteles, Scopas, and Lysippus (in the 4th century BC). | | c. 400 BC–AD c. 250 | Central America [everyday life] | The Late Formative (or pre-Classic) period of Mayan culture takes place in Mexico. By 400 BC, large structures have been built at several sites in the tropical lowland jungle. In the highlands, people begin to put up large clay platforms, some the basis for temples and others for elite houses, flanking open plazas. | | 333 BC | Asia Minor [mythology] | The king of Macedon Alexander the Great proves to the priests and people of Gordium, the capital of Phrygia, that he is the destined conqueror of Asia by cutting the Gordian knot. According to tradition, the chariot of Gordius, founder of Gordium, was lashed to a pole by an intricate knot which could only be untied by the future conqueror of Asia. By cutting the knot instead of untying it Alexander's actions give rise to the phrase ‘cutting the Gordian knot’, meaning a bold solution to a difficult problem. | | 10 October 333 BC | Greece, Syria, Persian Empire [campaigns of Alexander the Great (334–323 BC)] | Alexander the Great of Macedon defeats King Darius III of Persia at Issus in southeast Cilicia and becomes master of Syria. Darius flees; his family are captured but treated well by Alexander. The Greeks send congratulations and a golden crown. |
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