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338 BC| 480 BC–330 BC | Greece [sculpture] | The Greek classical style of sculpture develops more realism than the preceding Archaic period. Its leading exponents are Phidias (in the 5th century BC), and Praxiteles, Scopas, and Lysippus (in the 4th century BC). | | c. 400 BC–AD c. 250 | Central America [everyday life] | The Late Formative (or pre-Classic) period of Mayan culture takes place in Mexico. By 400 BC, large structures have been built at several sites in the tropical lowland jungle. In the highlands, people begin to put up large clay platforms, some the basis for temples and others for elite houses, flanking open plazas. | | 340 BC–338 BC | Rome [wars] | The Romans are at war with the Latin League. The Romans defeat the Latins at a battle on the Campanian coast, near Mount Vesuvius, according to the Roman historian Livy. | | 338 BC | Greece [wars] | Philip II of Macedon wins the battle for the supremacy of the Greek world against the Athenians and Thebans, at Chaeronea, west of the Boeotian capital of Thebes. He advances into the Peloponnese, subdues the city-state of Sparta, and summons a pan-Hellenic congress at Corinth where he announces that the Greeks will set about reliberating the Greek cities of Asia Minor from Persian rule. |
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