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3400 BC| c. 8000 BC–c. 2700 BC | Europe [tools] | The Mesolithic or Middle Stone Age begins in western Europe. It is characterized by the use of microliths (very small stone tools mounted on a shaft), chipped stone tools, and bone, antler, and wooden tools. Important inventions include the barbed fish-hook, harpoon, woven basket, clay cooking pot, and the comb. Some examples of these tools have been found at Star Carr in Yorkshire, England. | | c. 3400 BC | Sumeria [language studies] | Cuneiform (wedge-shaped) writing is invented by the Sumerians at Uruk. Consisting initially of about 1,500 symbols it is first used to make inventories of goods and to record transactions on clay tablets. One of the earliest documents, the Standard Professions List, gives the titles of officials and professions arranged in hierarchical order. The cuneiform script is gradually improved over the next few centuries but knowledge of it is lost in the 2nd century BC with the development of papyrus and paper. The new technique influences the Egyptian development of hieroglyphics. | | c. 3400 BC | world [materials] | The first important metallic alloy, bronze, is discovered. Alloying copper with tin makes bronze. | | c. 3400 BC | [maths] | The first symbols for numbers, simple straight lines, are used in Egypt. |
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