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342 BC| 480 BC–330 BC | Greece [sculpture] | The Greek classical style of sculpture develops more realism than the preceding Archaic period. Its leading exponents are Phidias (in the 5th century BC), and Praxiteles, Scopas, and Lysippus (in the 4th century BC). | | c. 400 BC–AD c. 250 | Central America [everyday life] | The Late Formative (or pre-Classic) period of Mayan culture takes place in Mexico. By 400 BC, large structures have been built at several sites in the tropical lowland jungle. In the highlands, people begin to put up large clay platforms, some the basis for temples and others for elite houses, flanking open plazas. | | 343 BC–341 BC | Rome [Roman–Samnite Wars (326–299 BC)] | The Samnites, a group of warlike tribes in eastern central Italy, are at war with Rome in what is known as the First Samnite War. Defeated by Rome, they successfully plead with Rome not to destroy their city of Capua. The war effectively dissolves the Latin League, a confederation of villages and tribes around and including Rome which had banded together for protection. Rome is left in control of Latium after the war. | | 342 BC–341 BC | Greece, Thrace [wars] | Philip II of Macedon conquers Thrace (modern Bulgaria); this is regarded by the Greek city-state of Athens as a further threat to its safety. Thrace has been governed by native princes since Persia's expulsion from Europe by the Greeks. Philip builds several cities in Thrace, including Philippopolis. |
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