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350 BC| 480 BC–330 BC | Greece [sculpture] | The Greek classical style of sculpture develops more realism than the preceding Archaic period. Its leading exponents are Phidias (in the 5th century BC), and Praxiteles, Scopas, and Lysippus (in the 4th century BC). | | c. 400 BC–AD c. 250 | Central America [everyday life] | The Late Formative (or pre-Classic) period of Mayan culture takes place in Mexico. By 400 BC, large structures have been built at several sites in the tropical lowland jungle. In the highlands, people begin to put up large clay platforms, some the basis for temples and others for elite houses, flanking open plazas. | | c. 350 BC | China [other structures] | Work begins on Shan-yang Canal in China; it later forms the Southern Grand Canal. | | 350 BC | Rome [wars] | By the beginning of this decade the Romans have finally recovered from the setback caused by the sack of their city by the Gauls in 390 BC and have reasserted their ascendancy in Italy. The Gauls, once more threatening Rome, are decisively beaten. | | c. 350 BC | Greece [astronomy] | Aristotle defends the doctrine that the Earth is a sphere, in De caelo/Concerning the Heavens, and estimates its circumference to be about 400,000 stadia (one stadium varied from 154 m/505 ft to 215 m/705 ft). It is the first scientific attempt to estimate the circumference of the Earth. | | 350 BC | China [banking and finance] | Coinage is introduced in China, along with the use of the horse as a cavalry charger rather than for drawing chariots. Earthwork walls are built at various places along the northern and western frontiers as protection against the surrounding nomads. (These are later used as a basis for the Great Wall.) In central China, the Han state is being formed, though it is the Qin state that is the most powerful. | | c. 350 BC | Greece [everyday life] | Hot air from underground fires is directed into clay pipes beneath the floors of houses in the Greek city of Lacedaemon, Sparta – the first central heating. |
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