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4000 BC| c. 8000 BC–c. 2700 BC | Europe [tools] | The Mesolithic or Middle Stone Age begins in western Europe. It is characterized by the use of microliths (very small stone tools mounted on a shaft), chipped stone tools, and bone, antler, and wooden tools. Important inventions include the barbed fish-hook, harpoon, woven basket, clay cooking pot, and the comb. Some examples of these tools have been found at Star Carr in Yorkshire, England. | | c. 4000 BC | Europe [colonization] | The Neolithic way of life develops in northern Europe, including Britain, in this millennium. This development may be spontaneous or it may be indebted to influence, or even migrations, from the Mediterranean area. | | c. 4000 BC | China, Southeast Asia [farming] | Rice is cultivated in China and at Non Nok Tha, in present-day Thailand. | | c. 4000 BC | South Asia [farming] | Wheat, barley, peas, dates, and other fruits are grown in the Indus valley. Water buffalo, camels, and cattle are bred for food and as draft animals. | | c. 4000 BC | Europe [everyday life] | Villages are built over, or on the edge of, lakes in the district of modern Zürich, Switzerland, presumably for protection against attack by people and animals. They house an elaborate and successful culture that lasts into the Bronze Age. | | c. 4000 BC | Europe [everyday life] | The ‘Windmill Hill People’, named after a site near Avebury in Wiltshire, appear in Britain. Their settlements, known as ‘causewayed camps’, show them to be herdsmen rather than agriculturists, and their ‘camps’ may have been used only for seasonal gatherings. |
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