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406 BC| c. 500 BC–c. 400 BC | Europe [everyday life] | The Celts begin to make an impression on European history. They are divided into a number of different tribes, sharing a distinctive decorative style of art, characterized by curving designs and mythical animals. These can be seen on their jewellery (gold and bronze torques), their weapons (decorated shields and sword scabbards), and their pottery and other vessels. The Celts probably originate in northwest and central Europe, France (particularly the area of Champagne), Switzerland, Lower Austria, and western Slovakia. The area of the western Hallstatt, Upper Austria, is also associated with the Celts. | | c. 500 BC–c. 400 BC | Rome [wars] | Rome and its Latin allies are almost constantly at war with both the Etruscans in the north and the native mountain tribes to the south, in particular the Aequi and the Volscians. | | 480 BC–330 BC | Greece [sculpture] | The Greek classical style of sculpture develops more realism than the preceding Archaic period. Its leading exponents are Phidias (in the 5th century BC), and Praxiteles, Scopas, and Lysippus (in the 4th century BC). | | 406 BC | Greece [musical theory] | Musician and dithyrambic poet Timotheus of Miletus acquires a reputation as an innovator, writing a nome (a song sung to the accompaniment of the cithara, a stringed musical instrument) called Persae, for which the Athenian tragic dramatist Euripides writes the prologue. | | 406 BC | Greece [Peloponnesian War (431 BC)] | The Greek city-state of Athens wins its last naval battle at Arginusae, near Lesbos. The Athenian generals (including the late Athenian statesman Pericles' son) are put on trial, after allegedly failing to save their damaged vessels and pick up survivors, and are put to death. | | 406 BC | Greece [births and deaths] | Sophocles, Greek playwright, author of Oedipus Rex, dies in Athens (90). | | 406 BC | Greece, Macedon [births and deaths] | Euripides, one the great Athenian tragic dramatists, whose best-known plays include Medea (431 BC) and Electra (418 BC), dies in Macedon (c. 78). |
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