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4100 BC| c. 8000 BC–c. 2700 BC | Europe [tools] | The Mesolithic or Middle Stone Age begins in western Europe. It is characterized by the use of microliths (very small stone tools mounted on a shaft), chipped stone tools, and bone, antler, and wooden tools. Important inventions include the barbed fish-hook, harpoon, woven basket, clay cooking pot, and the comb. Some examples of these tools have been found at Star Carr in Yorkshire, England. | | c. 4100 BC | Middle East, Egypt [tools] | The Chalcolithic (copper–stone) Age begins at the end of this millennium and continues for the first half of the next, affecting most of the ‘Fertile Crescent’, from the Nile valley through Palestine and Syria to the Tigris–Euphrates valley. Tools as well as ornaments are now made of copper as an alternative to stone. Copper beads are used by the Badarian culture of the Nile. |
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