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415 BC| c. 500 BC–c. 400 BC | Europe [everyday life] | The Celts begin to make an impression on European history. They are divided into a number of different tribes, sharing a distinctive decorative style of art, characterized by curving designs and mythical animals. These can be seen on their jewellery (gold and bronze torques), their weapons (decorated shields and sword scabbards), and their pottery and other vessels. The Celts probably originate in northwest and central Europe, France (particularly the area of Champagne), Switzerland, Lower Austria, and western Slovakia. The area of the western Hallstatt, Upper Austria, is also associated with the Celts. | | c. 500 BC–c. 400 BC | Rome [wars] | Rome and its Latin allies are almost constantly at war with both the Etruscans in the north and the native mountain tribes to the south, in particular the Aequi and the Volscians. | | 480 BC–330 BC | Greece [sculpture] | The Greek classical style of sculpture develops more realism than the preceding Archaic period. Its leading exponents are Phidias (in the 5th century BC), and Praxiteles, Scopas, and Lysippus (in the 4th century BC). | | 416 BC–415 BC | Greece, Sicily [wars] | The Sicilian city of Segesta asks for Athenian help against the Dorian city of Selinus, which has the backing of the powerful Greek city of Syracuse. A large Athenian expedition under the joint command of the Athenian leaders Nicias and Alcibiades sets sail for Sicily to aid Segesta, hoping to gain a foothold in Sicily and attain control of the sea. Alcibiades is immediately recalled to meet charges of impiety arising from the mutilation of all the protective statues of Hermes outside the house of Athens, the Hermae, on the eve of the Sicilian expedition; the sacrilege is believed to have been committed during drunken pranks by Alcibiades and his friends. He flees to the court of the Spartan king Agis II. |
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