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451| 200–700 | Central America [statistics and demography] | The Zapotec site of Monte Albán in Central America is at its peak in this period. It may have had 30,000 or more inhabitants. It is the centre of a complex of public buildings, temples, and dwellings that cover 40 sq km/15 sq mi. | | 400–500 | India [chess] | Shaturanga (or chaturanga), ‘the army game’, an ancestor of chess through the Persian game of shatranj (or chatrang), evolves in the Indus Valley on the Indian subcontinent. | | 451 | Western Roman Empire, Gaul [diplomacy] | Attila, king of the Huns, makes his grand attack on the Western Roman empire. His army is reputedly half a million strong, including the Franks and Ostrogoths. The Roman commander Aëtius, realizing that he cannot defeat the Huns alone, makes an alliance with the Visigoths under Theodoric in southwest Gaul. Although the outcome of the Battle of the Catalaunian Fields (Chalons, sometimes called the Battle of Troyes) is inconclusive, it proves to be a moral victory for the Romans and the Huns return home. |
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