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467 BC| c. 500 BC–c. 400 BC | Europe [everyday life] | The Celts begin to make an impression on European history. They are divided into a number of different tribes, sharing a distinctive decorative style of art, characterized by curving designs and mythical animals. These can be seen on their jewellery (gold and bronze torques), their weapons (decorated shields and sword scabbards), and their pottery and other vessels. The Celts probably originate in northwest and central Europe, France (particularly the area of Champagne), Switzerland, Lower Austria, and western Slovakia. The area of the western Hallstatt, Upper Austria, is also associated with the Celts. | | c. 500 BC–c. 400 BC | Rome [wars] | Rome and its Latin allies are almost constantly at war with both the Etruscans in the north and the native mountain tribes to the south, in particular the Aequi and the Volscians. | | 498 BC–446 BC | Greece [poetry] | Greek lyric poet Pindar composes odes in honour of athletes, most of them charioteers, at the Olympic, Pythian, Isthmian, and Nemean Games in Greece. | | 480 BC–330 BC | Greece [sculpture] | The Greek classical style of sculpture develops more realism than the preceding Archaic period. Its leading exponents are Phidias (in the 5th century BC), and Praxiteles, Scopas, and Lysippus (in the 4th century BC). | | 475 BC–425 BC | Greece [plays] | In the 50 years that follow the end of the Persian Wars, the Greek city-state of Athens reaches the zenith of its greatness. In addition to its empire and political power, creative and intellectual culture flourish. The great tragic playwrights Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides are writing, as is the comic playwright Aristophanes. The sculptor Phidias supervises the construction of the frieze on the Parthenon, and the painter Polygnotus decorates the wall of the Stoa (the colonnade in the marketplace) with murals. Athens is now one of the main commercial centres of the eastern Mediterranean. | | 467 BC | Greece [wars] | The Greek island of Naxos tries to secede from the Delian League but is blockaded and brought into subjection by the Athenian-dominated fleet, a high-handed action resented by the rest of Greece and widely seen as an early attempt by the Athenians to treat the confederacy as their own personal empire. | | 467 BC–466 BC | Greece, Persian Empire, Asia Minor [Greek–Persian War (490 BC)] | Athenian statesman Cimon carries the war against Persia into Asia Minor and rallies all the cities of Lycia to the Greek cause by winning the battle of the River Eurymedon. Persia is decisively defeated, though it remains an enemy of the Greeks. |
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