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483 BC| c. 600 BC–c. 480 BC | Greece [sculpture] | The Greek Archaic period of sculpture is evident, a typical form being the kouros, a rigid freestanding nude. | | c. 500 BC–c. 400 BC | Rome [wars] | Rome and its Latin allies are almost constantly at war with both the Etruscans in the north and the native mountain tribes to the south, in particular the Aequi and the Volscians. | | c. 500 BC–c. 400 BC | Europe [everyday life] | The Celts begin to make an impression on European history. They are divided into a number of different tribes, sharing a distinctive decorative style of art, characterized by curving designs and mythical animals. These can be seen on their jewellery (gold and bronze torques), their weapons (decorated shields and sword scabbards), and their pottery and other vessels. The Celts probably originate in northwest and central Europe, France (particularly the area of Champagne), Switzerland, Lower Austria, and western Slovakia. The area of the western Hallstatt, Upper Austria, is also associated with the Celts. | | 498 BC–446 BC | Greece [poetry] | Greek lyric poet Pindar composes odes in honour of athletes, most of them charioteers, at the Olympic, Pythian, Isthmian, and Nemean Games in Greece. | | c. 483 BC | India [births and deaths] | Gautama Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama), Indian philosopher and founder of Buddhism, dies in Kusinagara, Nepal (c. 80). | | 483 BC | Persian Empire, Greece [Greek–Persian War (490 BC)] | King Xerxes of Persia, having crushed the Egyptian revolt, prepares for his great expedition against the Greeks. The plan is for a land army to cross the Bosporus and to skirt round the Thracian and Macedonian coast, with a fleet always in support. He has a canal cut through the promontory of Mount Athos and builds a pontoon (floating bridge) over the Hellespont (Dardanelles) for his invading army to cross. According to Herodotus, it is 3km/2 mi long and consists of 676 ships positioned in two rows. |
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