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499| 200–700 | Central America [statistics and demography] | The Zapotec site of Monte Albán in Central America is at its peak in this period. It may have had 30,000 or more inhabitants. It is the centre of a complex of public buildings, temples, and dwellings that cover 40 sq km/15 sq mi. | | 400–500 | India [chess] | Shaturanga (or chaturanga), ‘the army game’, an ancestor of chess through the Persian game of shatranj (or chatrang), evolves in the Indus Valley on the Indian subcontinent. | | c. 499 | Babylon [Judaism] | The Babylonian version of the Talmud, a collection of rabbinical literature, is completed. Consisting of the Mishnah (the codified Jewish laws) and the Gemara (discussions of those laws), it is completed approximately a hundred years later than the Palestinian version and is more comprehensive. |
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