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500| 200–700 | Central America [statistics and demography] | The Zapotec site of Monte Albán in Central America is at its peak in this period. It may have had 30,000 or more inhabitants. It is the centre of a complex of public buildings, temples, and dwellings that cover 40 sq km/15 sq mi. | | 400–500 | India [chess] | Shaturanga (or chaturanga), ‘the army game’, an ancestor of chess through the Persian game of shatranj (or chatrang), evolves in the Indus Valley on the Indian subcontinent. | | c. 500 | China [food and drink] | The habit of tea drinking becomes popular in southern China, a custom which has probably been imported from Tibet. | | c. 500 | Japan [political events] | By the end of the 5th century AD, the Japanese have coalesced into one nation and culture. | | c. 500 | UK [wars] | ‘Arturus, Dux Bellorum’, the legendary King Arthur, takes up the struggle against the Saxons. In 12 battles he subdues the Saxons, the last battle being at Mons Badonicus (site unknown). Arthur is a ‘war leader’, a Christian Romano-Briton, who defeats the Saxons with a mobile field army of armoured cavalrymen, the typical army of the British chieftains. The authenticity and provenance of Arthur are ever in dispute, but not his date. | | c. 500 | Byzantine Empire [births and deaths] | Theodora, Byzantine empress, influential wife of Justinian I (527–65), born (–548). |
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