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540 BC| c. 900 BC–c. 500 BC | Central America [everyday life] | La Venta becomes the major centre of the second phase of Olmec civilization in Mexico. The site of San Lorenzo is abandoned, possibly in a violent overthrow of the local elite, or possibly for religious reasons. La Venta is a ceremonial or elite centre, supported by a large agricultural population. It has a large main pyramid in addition to smaller ones. | | c. 600 BC–c. 480 BC | Greece [sculpture] | The Greek Archaic period of sculpture is evident, a typical form being the kouros, a rigid freestanding nude. | | 540 BC | Greece [administration] | The exiled tyrant Pisistratus returns to the Greek city-state of Athens once more and remains tyrant until his death in 527 BC. His tyranny is remarkable for his respect for law and constitutional procedure, and his encouragement of agriculture and trade. | | 540 BC | Greece [philosophy] | Greek astronomer and philosopher Anaximenes of Miletus, who studies cosmogony, the study of the origins of the universe, is active. | | c. 540 BC | Greece [religion] | Athens, under its tyrant Pisistratus, takes over the Ionian religious festival on the sacred island of Delos. |
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