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6000 BC| c. 8000 BC–c. 2700 BC | Europe [tools] | The Mesolithic or Middle Stone Age begins in western Europe. It is characterized by the use of microliths (very small stone tools mounted on a shaft), chipped stone tools, and bone, antler, and wooden tools. Important inventions include the barbed fish-hook, harpoon, woven basket, clay cooking pot, and the comb. Some examples of these tools have been found at Star Carr in Yorkshire, England. | | c. 6000 BC | Middle East [ceramics] | At Çatal Hüyük in Anatolia, southeast of the modern Turkish city of Konya, one of the oldest towns is thriving. Pottery is in use here, as is an advanced artificial agricultural irrigation system. Çatal Hüyük is one of the largest Neolithic sites in the Near and Middle East, with a sophisticated trade and urban life. | | c. 6000 BC | North Africa [painting] | Rock paintings of the Capsian culture begin to appear in areas of North Africa, such as at Tasili (on the edge of the Sahara) and at Gafsa or Capsa (in Tunisia). Similar paintings are also executed in southeastern Spain, possibly by migrants from Gafsa. They usually depict hunting and food gathering scenes, and may have magical and luck-bringing significance similar to that of Palaeolithic cave paintings. They differ, however, in that the human figure is boldly shown in Capsian art, something that the Palaeolithic artist avoids. Some of the human figures appear strange and terrifying and perhaps represent anthropomorphic gods. | | c. 6000 BC | Middle East [painting] | Human skulls are made into ornamental masks in Jericho, in what may be a cult of ancestor worship. Painted clay and cowrie shells are used for eyes. | | c. 6000 BC | Egypt [ships and shipping] | Rock drawings in Egypt indicate the use of relatively large ships in the eastern Mediterranean and on the Nile. Constructed out of bundles of reeds, the ends of the ships are bound together and bent upward to form the bow and the stern giving the keel-less ship a crescent-shaped profile. |
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