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602| 200–700 | Central America [statistics and demography] | The Zapotec site of Monte Albán in Central America is at its peak in this period. It may have had 30,000 or more inhabitants. It is the centre of a complex of public buildings, temples, and dwellings that cover 40 sq km/15 sq mi. | | 598–665 | [maths] | Indian mathematician and astronomer Brahmagupta uses negative numbers in mathematics, and introduces a method of approximation for calculating the sines of small angles. | | 602 | Eastern Roman Empire [revolution] | Determined to break the power of the nomadic Avars, the Eastern Roman emperor Maurice orders his army to winter in the Avar territory on the River Danube. His decision is unpopular and rebellion erupts under the leadership of Phocas, an uneducated centurion. When Maurice is killed while attempting to escape from Constantinople (modern Istanbul, Turkey) to seek help from his ally King Chosroes II of Sassanian Persia, Phocas becomes emperor in Maurice's place. | | 602 | Umayyad Caliphate [births and deaths] | Mu'awiyah I (also Moawiyah), caliph 661–80, founder of the Umayyad dynasty, who assumed the caliphate after the assassination of 'Ali, reunified the Arab empire, and transferred the capital to Damascus, born in Mecca (–680). |
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