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610| 200–700 | Central America [statistics and demography] | The Zapotec site of Monte Albán in Central America is at its peak in this period. It may have had 30,000 or more inhabitants. It is the centre of a complex of public buildings, temples, and dwellings that cover 40 sq km/15 sq mi. | | 598–665 | [maths] | Indian mathematician and astronomer Brahmagupta uses negative numbers in mathematics, and introduces a method of approximation for calculating the sines of small angles. | | 605–647 | India [administration] | During his reign of over 40 years, King Harsha of Kanauj, on the River Ganges, brings most of northern India under his control. He is the last Indian king to rule a more than purely regional state until the 13th century. | | 605–649 | Tibet [administration] | During his 44-year reign, King Srong-btsan-Gyam-po unites the Tibetans in a powerful kingdom, annexes the area of modern Nepal, and builds himself a capital at Lhasa. For the next 200 years Tibet is the major power of central Asia. | | 610 | China, Sui Empire [canals] | The first stretch of the Chinese Grand Canal, which will ultimately stretch 1,000 km/620 mi and link Beijing with the Chang Jiang River, is opened. | | 610 | Arabia [Islam] | While sleeping in a cave near Mecca (in modern Saudi Arabia), the Arab prophet and founder of Islam, Muhammad, has a vision of the angel Gabriel who announces that he is ‘the messenger of God’. Muhammad subsequently experiences revelations that he believes to come directly from God. He confides his vision to his wife Khadija and his immediate family. | | 610 | Eastern Roman Empire [political events] | The young Heraclius, son of the military governor of Roman Africa, deposes the usurper Phocas and becomes Eastern Roman emperor himself. Phocas, an incompetent and despotical ruler, has allowed the administrative structure of the Empire to decay and Heraclius is forced to undertake fundamental reforms in the following years: these are so far-reaching that the Eastern Roman Empire is subsequently known to historians as the Byzantine Empire after the old Greek name for Constantinople, Byzantion. |
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